What is CHEMISTRY?

 What does chemistry study!!!

    Chemistry is a science that studies the structure and transformation of substances. Chemistry, along with other sciences, was created as a product of human activity and was created to satisfy natural needs, produce necessary products, convert one to another, and, finally, to know the secrets of various phenomena. In ancient times, people knew how to extract metals from ores, prepare and use various alloys, including making glass, and use it for various purposes. It is known that crafts based on chemical processes developed in Egypt before Christ. Preparation of tanned leather, dyeing it, production of coloured glass, preparation of medicines and aromatic substances from plants, and production of ceramics have been established. In those times, chemical products were also produced in India, China and Central Asia. The chemist who is the owner of "Kimyoi Hunar" was engaged in the preparation of another product from one substance.

    Jabir ibn Khayyam, the founder of Alchemy, put forward the sulphur-mercury theory of the formation of metals, that is, he says that sulphur ("the father of metals") is formed from dry contact in the earth's crust, and mercury ("the mother of metals") is formed from wet evaporation. Gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, and glass are formed from their combination in different proportions. Information about the conversion of common metals to rare metals is given here. According to the concept of "element", sulphur means flammability, mercury means volatility, and salt means solubility. According to Sho, the main idea was the discovery of this type of substance. Abu Nasr Farabi, one of the followers of the scientist, approves of the direction of alchemy in his work "Us tadi Sani". Among the scholars of the East, Abu Bakr ap-Razi in the "Book of Secrets" mentions the study of substances known as alchemy, the collection and use of equipment, and conducting experiments. In his work, Razi classified up to ten known substances and put tools and experiments into a certain system. In the book "The Key of Knowledge" by Abu Abdullah al-Khwarazmi, a separate section is devoted to Chemistry, which contains excellent information about various substances, tools, and experiments. Abul Hakim al-Khorazmi attaches importance to the scales used in alchemical science experiments. It is known from the sources that the methods of weighing scales of various shapes and structures were described in the "Book of Wise Scales" written by Al-Hazini in 1125. Abu Ali ibn Sina in the book "Al-Qanun" writes about more than 750 types of plants, animals, minerals, salts, acids, alkalis, metals, oxides and other compounds. Their name, properties, and use are all expressed. How many people have been healed from his "chalk ashes" (silicon oxide, which is taken from bamboo growing in Indonesia and given to patients with broken limbs - a substance that dissolves quickly in the human body). Unlike Jo-bir, Ibn Sina thoroughly and thoroughly studied the properties of metals and corrected his mistakes. Ibn Sina scientifically substantiated the mistakes of not only Jabir but also all alchemists. He was the first to prove in practice that rare metals, including gold, cannot be obtained from common metals.

    Along with all other sciences, during its development, chemistry has provided basic scientific, experimental and practical help to humanity in solving major problems, that is, it has travelled a long historical path.

    With the development of science and technology from year to year, many problems arise, among them humanity in modern times. Chemistry also contributes to solving the major problems that need to be solved. Some of the most pressing modern problems that chemistry can directly contribute to solving include:

    The increase of people on the earth causes the problem of providing them with food. The agricultural products processing industry and science play an important role in solving this problem. At the same time, the science of chemistry establishes means of combating pests of agricultural crops, fertilizers, stimulators that accelerate the growth of crops, and methods of production of clean, high-quality, natural and artificial food products.

    Solving the problems of production of clean drinking water and correct and rational use of the underwater world, food products, fertilizers, minerals, table salt, metals, bromine and iodine. Solving the issues of obtaining fresh water from the waters of l.

    Scientific research. Fundamental problems that need to be solved in the field of chemistry: solving problems related to chemical reactions (the transformation of glucose into starch or cellulose as a result of photosynthesis), the mechanism of some catalytic reactions, the growth of crystals, processes in the solar system and space, microparticles, nuclear reactions and changes in the composition of the nucleus. , using new chemical methods and substances in the study of biochemical processes, scientific research is carried out to fully reveal the mechanism of metabolism, thinking, heredity, and the chemical interpretation of the effect of medicinal substances on the body.

    Creation of new sources of energy. Improving the oil and gas processing industry, adopting and creating new technologies, increasing the variety of coal-based products, using nuclear energy to replace depleted oil and gas reserves, and solving the problems of using solar energy and water as an energy source.

    Creation of new chemicals and materials. To improve people's standard of living and fully satisfy their needs, the production of various new sterile composite polymers, semiconductors, superconducting and ceramic materials, extraction of new medicinal substances from their natural sources (plant and animal world), synthesis and application in life.

    Environmental problems related to environmental protection: prevention of pollution of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, earth and surface with various toxic substances, creation of waste-free technology, destruction of the ozone layer, finding measures to prevent poisoning with radioactive substances.