What is Biology ?

 ABOUT THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY

    Biology (Greek: bíos, bios, "life"; and lógos, logos, "knowledge") is the study of life and related issues. It is a branch of empirical science that studies the structure, functions, changes, origin, evolution and death of living organisms. He sorts out various organisms and describes their functioning, species' emergence, and mutual and environmental relations. Biology is divided into different branches such as botany, zoology, and physiology. Biology appears as a science that unifies the system of knowledge about living nature. Because the evidence previously studied in this science is brought to certain systems from the point of view of history, and their sum makes it possible to determine the basic laws of the organic world. Based on these laws, rational use of nature, its protection and restoration are carried out. Currently, the following research methods are used in various fields of biology. These include observational, comparative, historical, and experimental methods. Tracking method. It is one of the earliest methods that can be used to describe and describe any biological phenomenon. Later, this method was widely used to identify species. K. Linnaeus achieved great success in this field. This method has not lost its importance even today.

    Biology (bio... and ..logy) is a set of sciences about living nature. B. studies all forms of life: the structure and function of living organisms and natural communities, the origin and distribution of living beings, and their interrelationship with each other and with the natural world. The main task of B. is to study the laws of manifestation of life, to reveal the essence of life, and to systematize living organisms. "B." J. B. Lamarck and G. R. Treviranus were the first to propose the term in 1892 independently of each other. This term is also found in the works of T. Rose (1797) and K. Burdach (1800).

    History of development. If it is assumed that animals and plants were a source of food for people, the history of B. can be said to have started from the time when man began to live in a cave, or even earlier. Animal paintings and hunting scenes in caves where primitive people found their origins show that they were aware of animal structure. Similar paintings were found in the caves of the Zirovutsoi gorge of the Kohitang mountain in the Surkhandarya region. The development of modern B. science is connected with the civilization of the people living on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea (Egypt, Greece). Greek and Roman natural philosophers were the first to try to explain the essence and origin of life from a materialistic point of view. In particular, Democritus put forward the materialist idea that things and events in the environment change without being permanent. Aristotle was the first to propose a systematic study of animals. Galen is the first physiological experimenter who described the internal structure of a person, and the function of blood vessels and nerves based on the internal structure of animals (monkeys and pigs) (at that time it was forbidden to dissect the human body).

    In the Middle Ages, the development of sciences in the countries of Western Europe almost stopped, and natural sciences began to develop rapidly in the countries of the Central Asian region. Scholars such as Muhammad Khorezmi, Abu Nasr Farabi, Abu Ali ibn Sina and Abu Rayhan Beruni occupy a special place in the history of sciences of this period. Berunii recognizes that nature is made of 5 elements: space, air, fire, water and earth. In his work "India", he compares nature to a gardener who allows the strongest and healthiest branches to grow on a tree. With this, he predicts the struggle for survival between living organisms and the occurrence of natural selection. In his works, Ibn Sit wrote about plants and animals and other natural bodies, phenomena and their causes.