What is science?

    Man has always looked for ways to explain life and the events that happen around him. For this reason, myths were created in ancient times about nature being controlled by spirits. The ancient Greeks were the first to think about how the forces of nature really are, not under the influence of the spirit. But they tried to discover the truth without conducting experiments, only by observation and searching for reasons. That is why many mistakes have been made, and many theories have been accepted that explain many, if not all, phenomena.

    In the 13th century, Roger Bacon not only sought reasons to test his theories, but turned to experiment, and almost 400 years later, Sir Francis Bacon wrote a book called The New Method, which incorporated modern scientific methods. Using the scientific method turns a body of knowledge into a science. Unlike the previous way of thinking and reasoning, the new method is based on careful experimentation and precise measurements. Not all branches of science can use the same methods. A chemist can experiment with substances and the forces that act on them in a laboratory. An astronomer cannot experiment with celestial bodies. But both refer to the scientific method.

    A scientist collects known information and tries to discover new facts before dealing with a topic. It develops a supporting theory or hypothesis that explains certain results. It then conducts measurements, testing, and experiments to determine whether the hypothesis is correct. If all goes as expected, it becomes a confirmed theory, or the scientist can wait until his work is done and formulate a theory later. However, a theory is not proven until it is clear that there is no other theory capable of explaining the given facts. A scientist never revises what has been proven once and for all. A theory or law is only valid to the extent that it can explain all known facts. But science knows that new facts may be discovered that may require a change in theory.

    The concept of science is social in the culture of science in the modern stage of modern modernity, which is information about the world under it, a system of objective knowledge of the environment, systematized and based on which it can be effectively and optimally applied in the practical activities of people. 's. . . As a complex human phenomenon, four aspects of science are strengthened in three definitions: 1) the specific type of cognitive activity of the subject; and 2) the system of objective knowledge of the surrounding world. 3) social endeavour in the form of higher education and science; 4) cultural sphere of a certain historical type. Scientific knowledge should be a scientific study according to specific criteria: it should have a research subject, be reproducible, be objective, have empirical and theoretical validity, and be logically conclusive and pragmatic.

Modern Science: What's Changing

     The devices of modern science are the system of scientific research: the system of knowledge about the deepest properties of objective reality, which includes fundamental sciences (astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, etc.); Sciences (economics, sociology, humanitarian sciences (philology, history, psychology, etc.)